technical resources

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Welcome to TITAN’s Online Technical Resource Section

Here you will find a wealth of corrosion data, material properties, procedures, manuals and brochures concerning Reactive and Corrosion Resistant Metals. We believe this information will be beneficial to you, as it is the type of data our engineers use daily in solving corrosion issues. We’re sure you will find it of interest.

TITAN wants this resource to be constantly growing, and we will be adding to it continually. It is our intention to build the best on-line library pertaining to the reactive metals. We invite you to check in often for updates on all of the industries we serve.

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Litrerature
General Corrosion
Titanium
Tantalum
Hastelloy
Zirconium
Plating and Anodizing
References

literature

reactive metals

Applications of Titanium, Zirconium, Tantalum – Details which reactive metals works the best at protection when dealing with extremely corrosive materials. This selection is important when terms of cost-effectiveness and life expectancy of your process equipment.

resistance tables

These tables show the corrosion resistance of metals (Tantalum, Niobium, Zirconium, Titanium, Alloys, Monel, Inconel and 316 SS) in various chemical media, including the level of concentration and temperature of the chemical.

equipment for HCL steel pickling

Information on TITAN’s product offerings for the steel industry for HCL pickling applications, including custom-designed Serpentine, Grid and U-Shaped Coils and Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers.

corrosion resistant material

Tantalum is the most corrosion resistant metal in common use today. This document details the wide range of applications tantalum can be used for and what corrosive materials it can be used for protection against.

condensers for pharmaceutical

Explains the development and features of Overhead Condensers used for Pharmaceutical applications and why Tantalum is the preferred reactive metal used for construction.

corporate brochures

TITAN Metal Fabricators’ corporate brochure details our extensive design and manufacturing capabilities in North America and Asia for the chemical, petrochemical, oil & gas, liquefied natural gas and pharmaceutical industries.

general corrosion resistance

LABORATORY CORROSION TESTS

AL-6XN Alloy was originally designed for seawater service, however, it’s corrosion resistance is suitable for many more applications. This report provide laboratory test results from Rolled Alloys of AL-6XN’s behavior within Chloride environments.

timet

This report offers extensive research from TIMET, Titanium Metals Corporation, on the corrosive resistant properties of Titanium in specific environments with the effects of temperature and time.

Haynes Intl

This file has information on the alloy characteristics of HASTELLOY and the comparative resistance of HASTELLOY to various corrosive materials in specific conditions dependent on concentration and temperature.

various chemical media

These tables show the corrosion resistance of metals (Tantalum, Niobium, Zirconium, Titanium, Alloys, Monel, Inconel and 316 SS) in various chemical media, including the level of concentration and temperature of the chemical.

chemical reactions

Chart shows the varying chemical reaction of Sulfuric Acid against the reactive metals.

aggressive conditions

Under sufficiently aggressive conditions, Tantalum can be susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement. This report discusses some conditions where embrittlement has been observed or encountered and proposes methods for minimization or elimination.

acidic conditions

Guide to selecting the type of metal to use for fabricating depending on the acidic conditions present.

Alloy Performance Guide

Extensive guide that describes the different alloys used by TITAN in fabrication, maximum allowable design stresses for ASME boiler and pressure vessel code, corrosion resistance under specific environments, and suggests weld fillers for metal joints.

corrosion testing

This is a useful testing log and guide to corrosion testing of an alloy in different test environments.

actual process conditions

Instructions on how to conduct corrosion coupon testing. This aids in the selection of materials of construction for equipment and piping and allows you to test potential materials in your corrosive media under actual process conditions.

advantages of Zirconium

Article excerpt where Steve Sparkowich, Corrosion Lab Manager at ATI Wah Chang, discusses the advantages of Zirconium over other metals and reports on the successful use of Zirconium Heat Exchangers in acid recovery systems.

corrosion resistance of Zirconium

Table shows the corrosion resistance of Zirconium in various corrosive media, including the level of concentration and temperature of the chemical.

three general sulfuric acid applications

This paper describes the corrosion resistance of Zirconium in a three general sulfuric acid application areas and will show why Zirconium was a material of choice for use in these applications. This paper also describes the factors (alloy composition, impurities, heat treatment, stress, acid concentration, temperature) that could affect the corrosion resistance of zirconium. A method for heat treatment of zirconium for improved corrosion resistance in elevated concentrations and temperatures will also be discussed. This paper also describes a new low tin Zirconium alloy that was developed for improved corrosion resistance in the higher sulfuric acid concentrations and higher temperatures.

corrosive resistant properties of Zirconium

Zirconium can be the best alternative for material selection in many organic applications. This data sheet details the corrosive resistant properties of Zirconium in specific organic environments with the effects of temperature and concentration.

advantages of Zirconium

Technical data sheet detailing the advantages of Zirconium over other materials for use in sulfuric acid pickling applications. Includes information on operating limitations and safety concerns.

chemical and pharmaceutical applications

Technical data sheet detailing the advantages of Zirconium over other materials for use in chemical and pharmaceutical applications using sulfuric acid. Includes information on corrosion rate and resistance compared to other alloys.

limits of temperature and acid concentration

Study defines the upper limits of temperature and acid concentration for effective use of Zirconium 702 in processes using sulfuric acid.

titanium

Code Case 2497-2

Inquiry: May unalloyed and palladium and ruthenium enhanced titanium conforming to the requirements of Grades 2, 7, 16, or 26 (UNS R50400, R52400, R52402, and R52404) except with a minimum UTS of 58 ksi be used in Section VIII, Division 1 construction with design allowable stresses adjusted for the higher minimum specified UTS?

timet

Brochure published by TIMET summarizes the corrosion resistant data with regard to Titanium accumulated in over 40 years of laboratory testing and application experience.

rmi titanium

Published by RMI Titanium Company, brochure discusses attractive mechanical properties of Titanium; its corrosive resistance to a large range of harsh chemical environments; various methods of machining different grades of Titanium, and different processes used for welding Titanium.

Industrial applications

TITAN produced brochure on the different industrial applications of Titanium and its corrosion resistance against chlorine chemicals, fresh & sea water, nitric acids, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and organic Properties of acids.

ATI Brochure

Published by ATI, technical data sheet on Titanium details information on Titanium grades; sizes & tolerances; typical applications of Titanium, and mechanical & physical properties of Titanium.

tantalum

Advantages of Tantalum

During the past three decades, Tantalum and High Nickel Alloy Shell and Tube Condensers have emerged as a versatile alternative to carbon block heat exchangers offering superior corrosion resistance that are commonly used by the world’s leading pharmaceutical manufacturers and pharmaceutical engineering companies. This white paper discusses all the advantages of fabricating with the reactive metals.

Recommendation letter

Cabot Corporation recommendation letter of TITAN Metal Fabricators, Inc. to anyone considering the use of Tantalum or Niobium equipment.

material for heat exchangers

This paper summarizes the selection of material for heat exchangers for a recently constructed Pharmaceutical plant used for synthesizing the active organic chemicals in development Pharmaceutical products.

chart comparison

Chart comparison of Tantalum Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers to Graphite Heat Exchangers for Steel Pickling Applications.

sourcing policy

Certification letter stating TITAN Metal Fabricators does not purchase any materials that are known to come from conflict sources.

recommendation letter

H. C. Starck, Inc. recommendation letter of TITAN Metal Fabricators, Inc. to anyone considering the use of Tantalum or Niobium equipment.

aggressive conditions

Under sufficiently aggressive conditions, Tantalum can be susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement. This document cites conditions where such embrittlement has been observed or encountered. Methods that have been proposed for minimizing or eliminating hydrogen embrittlement of Tantalum are described.

corrosion resistant

This article defines Tantalum and Niobium and describes how these refractory metals can be used in corrosion- resistant applications when designing equipment for the pharmaceutical industry.

industrial applications

TITAN produced brochure on the different industrial applications of Tantalum and its corrosion resistance against bromine, chlorine, HCL, nitric acids and sulfuric acid.

alloy applications

Tantalum materials have been used in the Chemical Processing Industry (CPI) for over 60 years and continue to be important materials of construction. This H C Starck paper will discuss Tantalum and Ta-2.5W alloy applications that have evolved over the past century to current day applications.

price increase

The purpose of this document is to explain the reason for the drastic increase in the price and delivery of Tantalum in late 2010 / 2011.

welded flush face tubesheet

Document detailing the design and purpose of TITAN’s fully welded flush face tubesheet design.

eliminate potential problems

The steel industry has traditionally used PTFE immersion coils, direct steam spargers and carbon block heat exchangers to heat its pickle baths. Continuous maintenance and the elimination of deep welling of its spent HCL pickle liquor due to its environmental impact has forced the steel industry to look for alternative ways to heat their pickle baths. The use of Tantalum immersion coils and Tantalum shell and tube heat exchangers has proved itself to eliminate all of the potential problems with corrosion for the steel industry.

fully drainable tubesheet

Basic example of a fully drainable tubesheet design used on hastelloy heat exchangers for the pharmaceutical industry.

hastelloy

fluid process designs

Many fluid process designs require tubular products for use as piping and In various heat exchanger systems. When aggressive process streams are involved, corrosion-resistant alloys (e.g. nickel-base alloys) are selected. Since weldments are usually the most vulnerable to corrosive attack, seamless tubing is often considered; however, cost considerations steer the designers to the selection of welded tubing that has been cold worked and annealed. This paper details the two different types.

hastelloy characteristics

Comprehensive booklet produced by Haynes International detailing chemical compositions, properties profiles and alloy characteristics of Hastelloy.

Hastelloy B-3

Comprehensive booklet produced by Haynes International detailing principle features, properties and corrosion resistance of Hastelloy B-3.

hastelloy C-22

Comprehensive booklet produced by Haynes International detailing principle features, properties and corrosion resistance of Hastelloy C-22.

hastelloy C-276

Comprehensive booklet produced by Haynes International detailing principle features, properties and corrosion resistance of Hastelloy C-276.

hastelloy C-2000

Comprehensive booklet produced by Haynes International detailing principle features, properties and corrosion resistance of Hastelloy C-2000.

Corrosion resistant alloys

This brochure is a general guide to the fabrication of the following corrosion-resistant alloys produced by Haynes International, Inc. – Hastelloy B-3 alloy, Hastelloy C-4 alloy, Hastelloy C-22 alloy, Hastelloy C-2000 alloy, Hastelloy C-276 alloy, Hastelloy G-30 and Hastelloy N alloy. It is not meant to be an instruction manual.

hastelloy G-30

Comprehensive booklet produced by Haynes International detailing principle features, properties and corrosion resistance of Hastelloy G-30.

hastelloy G-35

Comprehensive booklet produced by Haynes International detailing principle features, properties and corrosion resistance of Hastelloy G-35.

Haynes International, INC

Excerpt out of “Pittsburgh Engineer” magazine recounting the history of Haynes International since it was formed back in December 1912.

HASTELLOY Hybrid-BC1

Datasheet produced by Haynes International detailing corrosion resistance and available forms and sizes of Hastelloy Hybrid-BC1.

Allloys specifications

Datasheet by Haynes International detailing multiple specifications of the Corrosion-Resistant Alloys they produce.

hastelloy equipment

Haynes International recommendation letter of TITAN Metal Fabricators, Inc. to anyone considering the use of Hastelloy equipment.

zirconium

Recommendation letter

ATI Wah Chang recommendation letter of TITAN Metal Fabricators, Inc. to anyone considering the use of Zirconium equipment.

environmental conditions

Information on the different types of heat treatment available of Zirconium equipment depending on what environmental conditions the equipment will be exposed to in service – Stress relief, Oxide Thickening and Full Anneal Heat Treatment.

method of attachment

One of the most important steps in the mechanical design process is determining the method of attachment for the tube-to-tubesheet joint. Many of the problems which have been experienced with Zirconium shell and tube heat exchangers could have been avoided by giving more attention to the selection and design of the tube-to-tubesheet joint. This paper published by B J Sanders details the many choices available for joining tube to tubesheet and how to select the best for your project.

Advantages of zirconium

Published article where Steve Sparkowich, Corrosion Laboratory Manager at ATI Wah Chang, discusses the advantages of Zirconium over other metals and reports on the successful use of Zirconium heat exchangers in acid recovery systems.

properties of zircadyne

Technical datasheet published by ATI Wah Chang on the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of Zirconium alloys Zircadyne 702 and 705 as well as data on corrosion resistance and allowable stress values.

industrial applications

TITAN produced brochure on the different industrial applications of Zirconium and its corrosion resistance against nitric acid, formic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid and melamine.

zircadyne and zirconium

Technical data sheet published by ATI Wah Chang on the corrosion data for Zircadyne Zirconium against a variety of corrosive media.

Zirconium factors

White paper published by Richard Sutherlin, Wah Chang, describes the corrosion resistance of Zirconium in a three general sulfuric acid application areas and will show why Zirconium was a material of choice for use in these applications; the factors (alloy composition, impurities, heat treatment, stress, acid concentration, temperature) that could affect the corrosion resistance of Zirconium; a method for heat treatment of Zirconium for improved corrosion resistance in elevated concentrations and temperatures is also discussed, and a new low tin Zirconium alloy that was developed for improved corrosion resistance in the higher sulfuric acid concentrations and higher temperatures.

advantages of zirconium

Technical data sheet detailing the advantages of Zirconium over other materials for use in hydrochloric acid in chemical processing industry. Includes information on operating limitations and safety concerns.

zirconium equipment life

Technical data sheet details the advantages of Zirconium over other materials for use in sulfuric acid applications. If properly applied, an equipment life of over 20 years is expected.

Zirconium unique properties

Technical data sheet published by ATI Wah Chang that discusses the unique physical properties and superior corrosion resistance of Zirconium in the sulfuric acid conditions associated to pickling steel.

Zirconium 702 corrosion behavior

White paper published by Derrill Holmes of ATI Wah Chang that defines the upper limits of temperature and acid concentration for effective use of Zirconium 702 in processes using sulfuric acid. Standard immersion tests including autoclave tests were used to demonstrate the differences in corrosion behavior of typical Zirconium 702 (R60702) containing approximately 2400 ppm Tin, and low-Tin Zirconium 702 containing approximately 1400 ppm Tin.

plating and anodizing

immersion coils

Quick Reference Guide of standard specifications, formulas and “Rules of Thumb” used in the Metal Finishing Industry for Titanium Immersion Coils. Contact TITAN for more detailed thermal evaluation. These formulas cannot be used in all circumstances.

anode baskets

Quick Reference Guide of standard specifications, formulas and “Rules of Thumb” used in the Metal Finishing Industry for Titanium Anode Baskets, Titanium Anode Hooks and Titanium Anodes. Contact TITAN for custom designs.

references

recommendation letter

ATI Wah Chang recommendation letter of TITAN Metal Fabricators, Inc. to anyone considering the use of Zirconium equipment.

recommendation letter

Cabot Corporation recommendation letter of TITAN Metal Fabricators, Inc. to anyone considering the use of Tantalum or Niobium equipment.

fabrication customers

Reference list of TITAN Tantalum fabrication customers

recommendation letter

H. C. Starck Inc recommendation letter of TITAN Metal Fabricators, Inc. to anyone considering the use of Tantalum or Niobium equipment.

recommendation letter

Haynes International recommendation letter of TITAN Metal Fabricators, Inc. to anyone considering the use of Hastelloy equipment.

titan customers

General reference list of TITAN customers

optimum anode technologies

IrOxide™TCA Anodes for Tri-Chrome Plating

IrOxide™TCA coated titanium anodes are proven to be the most cost-effective solution for tri-chrome plating. They provide an anode solution that is both environmentally and technically sound, thereby allowing your operators to focus on providing your customers the goods and services they desire in the most timely manner and at the lowest cost.

OPTIChlor™ Marine Electrochlorination System for Bio-fouling Prevention

Optimum Anode Technologies is an alternative supplier of marine concentric tubular electrolyzers for seawater electrochlorination. Optimum Anode Technologies builds and supplies the competitively priced OPTIChlor™ Marine (OCM) electrochlorination system for biofouling prevention and backs it with stellar service and support.

OPTIChlor™-T1M Replacement Cell Assembly Part No. RPF-53500-010-M2 for Chloropac® Mark I M

OPTI-Chlor™ T1 replacement assembly is a direct replacement for Siemens Electrocatalytic Products’ Chloropac® Mark I M cells which were developed by Optimum Anode Technologies Inc. personnel who have more than 30 years’ of experience with the Chloropac technology. This experience includes both the development and manufacture of the Chloropac® Mark I M, as well as ownership prior to its acquisition by USFilter in 2000 and subsequent purchase by Siemens in 2004.

OPTIChlor™-T3 Replacement Parts for Chloropac® Hypochlorite Generators

Optimum Anode Technologies’ OPTIChlor™-T3 cell components are manufactured to exact dimensional specifications and tolerances for easy replacement, interchangeability, and continuous trouble-free operation. Each component must pass our stringent criteria for quality assurance and testing prior to shipment to the customer’s site. Replacement components come with a one year conditional guarantee from date of installation or 18 months from date of shipment while the anode coating is typically guaranteed for 5 years.

Optimum Cathodic Protection

Optimum Anode Technologies™ is a high-quality provider of cost-effective dimensionally stable anodes that are both reliable and cost competitive for most cathodic protection applications. We supply mixed-metal-oxide (MMO) and platinum catalytic coatings that are sintered to a titanium substrate, providing an anode that is both lightweight and durable. Our proprietary catalysts are suitable for use in a wide range of cathodic protection applications, including soil, carbonaceous landfill, fresh water, brackish water, and seawater. Our high-value metal substrates assure high corrosion resistance.

Rod and Custom Shape Anodes for Cathodic Protection

Optimum Anode Technologies’ rod and custom shape anodes for cathodic protection are MMO (Mixed Metal Oxide) IrOxide™ Series coated titanium substrates. These rods and custom shape anodes consist of Iridium as the main constituent of the electrochemical catalyst, providing both excellent electrochemical catalytic activity and stability in a chlorine or oxygen evolving environment. The rods are frequently in seawater, brackish water, freshwater and coke breeze as well as other environments.

OptimumOxides™ Data Sheet

IROxide™ coating is Optimum Anode Technologies’ Iridium Oxide series of anode formulations which provide for the energy efficient production of oxygen. Iridium, the primary precious metal, is converted to oxide. Depending on the environment and the exact requirements, the Iridium can be combined with other precious metal and/or base metal oxides. This combination can produce the optimum electrochemical catalyst for your specific process conditions and desired operating performance and product results.

PurePlat™ Data Sheet

PurePlat™ - a pure platinum coating applied to titanium, niobium, tantalum as well as other exotic substrates. The major advantage of PurePlat™ is its electro- deposited or clad coated substrate, which is more cost-effective and mechanically superior to pure platinum structures. The other advantage is the ability of PurePlat™ to provide optimum performance by varying the surface morphology to create an application and process specific electrochemical characteristic.